Writing Court Documents
As a pro se litigant, the quality of your written filings can make or break your case. Judges read hundreds of documents — clear, well-organized filings show you are serious and prepared. Here's how to write court documents that get taken seriously.
Document Types You May Need
Common filings include: Complaints (starting a lawsuit), Answers (responding to a lawsuit), Motions (asking the court to do something), Briefs or Memoranda of Law (legal arguments supporting a motion), Petitions (requesting relief in non-adversarial matters), Praecipes (directing the clerk to take action), and Affidavits (sworn statements of fact). Each has a specific purpose and format.
Formatting Rules
Allegheny County requires: 8.5 x 11 paper, double-spaced text, 1-inch margins, numbered paragraphs, a caption with the case number and court, party names, and document title. Use a standard font (Times New Roman 12pt or similar). Number all pages. Always include a certificate of service showing you sent a copy to the opposing party.
Writing the Caption
Every court document starts with a caption identifying: the court (Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County), the case number (assigned when filed), the plaintiff and defendant names, and the document title. Get this right — incorrect captions can cause your filing to be rejected or lost.
Structuring Your Arguments
Follow this pattern: (1) State the facts in numbered paragraphs — who, what, when, where. Keep them objective and verifiable. (2) State the legal basis — cite the specific statute, rule, or case law that supports your request. (3) Apply the law to your facts — explain WHY the law requires the result you want. (4) State what you are asking for — be specific about the relief requested.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Don't write in all caps or use bold excessively. Don't include emotional language or personal attacks. Don't cite legal principles without sources. Don't assume the judge knows your case history — each filing should stand on its own. Don't submit handwritten documents unless absolutely necessary. Don't forget to sign and date your filing. Don't forget the certificate of service.
Filing and Service
File the original with the Prothonotary (civil) or Clerk of Courts (criminal). Keep a time-stamped copy for your records. Serve a copy on all other parties by first-class mail or personal delivery. Include a Certificate of Service listing each party served, the date, and the method. Electronic filing may be available through PA's PACFile system for certain courts.
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Civil Claims Knowledge CenterDisclaimer: This guide is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Every case is different. For guidance specific to your situation, consider booking a consultation with a PA licensed attorney.